Annotation: The caret (^) generally denotes a long sound. â sounds like 'aa', a long 'a' û sounds like 'oo' in the english 'Doom' î sounds like 'ee' in the english 'Beer' or the first 'e' in 'Here' (these three are obviously missing in the english language and are represented through 'aa', 'oo' and 'ee' respectively. They're still present somehow in german, and were widely used in medieval german, for example 'Mûr' in medieval and 'Mauer' in modern german. That's 'Wall' in english. Oh yeah, Tolkien uses them too (Barad Dûr)..). ch sounds like, well, like 'ch' in the scotish 'Loch' sometimes written as 'kh' gh is a guttural sound, something between k and g. sh is the english 'sh', the german 'sch' z might be a hard 's'. Abbâs al 'Abbâs: (Description of a Lion) Abbâs: Description of a lion Abbâs: Frowning, looking austere; also means lion Abbûd: Worshipper Adnân: (Proper name) Abd al Aalî: Servant of the Most High Abd al Aliyy: Servant of the Most High Abd al Alîm: Servant of the Omniscient Abd al Azîm: Servant of the Mightly Abd al Azîm: Servant of the Mighty Abd al Azîz: Servant of the Mighty, the Powerful Abd al Azîz: Servant of the Mighty, the Powerful Abd al Bârî: Servant of the Creator Abd al Bâsit: Servant of the Extender, Creator Abd al Fattâh: Servant of the Opener (of the gates of sustenance) Abd al Fatâh: Servant of the Opener (of the gates of sustenance) Abd al Ghaffâr: Servant of the Forgiver Abd al Ghafûr: Servant of the Forgiver Abd al Hakam: Servant of the Arbitrator Abd al Hakîm: Servant of the Wise Abd al Halîm: Servant of the Mild, Patient Abd al Hamîd: Servant of the Praiseworthy; the Ever-Praised Abd al Haqq: Servant of the Truth Abd al Hasîb: Servant of the Respected, Esteemed Abd al Hâdî: Servant of the Guide Abd al Hâfiz: Servant of the Protector Abd al Jabbâr: Servant of the Mighty Abd al Jalîl: Servant of the Great, Revered Abd al Karîm: Servant of the Noble, Generous Abd al Khâliq: Servant of the Creator Abd al Latîf: Servant of the Kind Abd al Majîd: Servant of the Glorious Abd al Matîn: Servant of the Firm; Strong Abd al Mu'izz: Servant of the Giver of Might and Glory Abd al Muhaymin: Servant of the Supervising, the Guardian, the Protector Abd al Mujîb: Servant of the Responder Abd al Muta'âl: Servant of the Most High Abd al Nâsir: Servant of the Helper, Granting Victory Abd al Qahhâr: Servant of the Subduer, the Almighty Abd al Quddûs: Servant of the Most Holy Abd al Qâdir: Servant of the Capable, Powerful Abd al Ra'ûf: Servant of the Most Merciful Abd al Rahmân: Servant of the Mercifully Gracious Abd al Rahîm: Servant of the Most Compassionate Abd al Rashîd: Servant of the Rightly Guided Abd al Razzâq: Servant of the Maintainer, the Provider Abd al Râfi': Servant of the One Who Raises (intellect, esteem), Elevates Abd al Sabûr: Servant of the Patient Abd al Salâm: Servant of the Peace Abd al Samad: Servant of the Eternal Abd al Samî': Servant of the All-Hearing Abd al Shakûr: Servant of the Most Thankful Abd al Tawwâb: Servant of the Forgiver Abd al Wadûd: Servant of the Loving Abd al Wahhâb: Servant of the Giver Abân (Old Arabic Name) Abd al Wâhid: Servant of the One Abdullâh: Servant of God Abed: Worshipper Abedin: Worshippers Abtin: A character in Shahnameh, Fereidoun's father Abân: Old Arabic name Abû Bakr: (Name of one of Muhammed's companions) Abû al Khayr: One Who Does Good Abû-ali: Name of a famous Iranian scientist and philosopher Adel: Righteous Adham: Black Adham: Black Adil: Just Adl: Just Adnan: Proper name Afshin: ??? Afshâr: ??? Afuw: Pardoner Afîf: Chaste, Modest Ahad: One Ahmad: Commendable, Praisworthy Ahmad: Most praiseworthy Akbar: Big Akhir: Last Akram: Most Generous Al Abbas: Description of a lion Ali-dâd: ??? Ali: High; also Mohammad's son-in-law Ali: Most High, Excellent, Noble Alim: All-Knowing Aliyy: Excellent, Noble Alâ' al Dîn: Nobility of Religion Alâ': Nobility, Excellence Amin: Honest Amir: King, Emir Amir: Populous, Full, Prosperous Amjad: More Glorious Amjad: Most excellent, glorious Ammâr: The Builder, Constructor, One Who Fasts & Prays a Great Deal Amr: (Old Arabic Name) Amîn: Faithful, Trustworthy Amîr: Ruler, Prince Anas: A Group of People (as opposed to other creatures) Anoush: ??? Anoushiravân: Name of a Persian king Anîs: Close Friend Arash: A hero in Persian folklore Ardavân: A character in Shahnameh Ardeshir: A character in Shahnameh Aref: Wise, intelligent Arif: Aquainted; Knowlagable Armân: Ideal, hope, aspiration Armîn: A character in Shahnameh Arsalân: Lion Arsh: Dominion, Crown Arshiâ: Throne Aryâ: Aryan Arzhang: A character in Shahnameh Arâd: Name of an angel Arâm: Quiet Asad: Lion Asghar: Small Ashkân: ??? Ashraf: More Honerable Ashraf: More Honorable Asif: Forgivness Asim: Protector Atash: Fire Atif: Compassionate, Sympathetic Atâ': Gift Aurang/Orang: Wisdom, understanding Awad: Reward, Compensation Aws: Name of a Tree Awwal: First Ayman: Lucky, On the Right Ayyûb: (A Prophet's name) Azhar: The Most Shining; Luminous Azim: Great, Protector Aziz: Mighty Azzâm: Determined, Resolved Azâd: Free Ba'ith: Resurrector Badi: Incomparable Badr Udeen: Full moon of the Faith Badr al Din: Full Moon of the Faith Bahiyy al Din: Magnificent of the Faith Bahman: Name of the 11th month of the Iranian calender Bahrâm: A character in Shahnameh; also the planet Mars Bahâ' al Din: Magnificent of the Faith Bahâ: Beautiful, Magnificent Bamshâ: ??? Baqi: Everlasting Bardiâ: Name of a Prince Bari: Evolver Barr: Goodness Basel: Brave Bashshâr: Bringer of Glad Tidings Bashâr: Bringer of glad tidings Basir: All-Seeing Basit: Expander Bassâm: Smiling Basâm: Smiling Batin: Hidden Behnâm: Reputable (someone with honorable name) Behrang: Good color Behrouz: Fortunate, lucky Behrâd: ??? Behzâd: ??? Bilâl: (Name of the Prophet's Muezzin) Bishr: Joy Bizhan/Bijan: A character in Shahnameh Bornâ: Young, youthful Borzû: ??? Bozorgmehr: A character in Shahnameh Burhân: Proof Bâbak: A character in Shahnameh Bâhir: Dazzling, Brilliant Bâhir: Dazzling, Brilliant Bâmdâd: Early Morning Bâmeen: ??? Bâsil: Brave Bâsim: Smiling Bâsim: Smiling Changîz: Chengiz Khan Cirrus/Cyrus: Kourosh, first king of Iran Danush: ??? Darr: Distresser Dawoud: A Prophet's name Dhul-Jalal-Wal-Ikram: The Lord of Majesty and Bounty Dhûl Fiqâr: (Name of the Prophet's sword) Diyâ al Din: Brightness of the Faith Dâdbeh: ??? Dâriush/Daryush: Name of Persian king Dârâ: Wealthy; also a character in Shahnameh Dârâb: A character in Shahnameh Dâwûd: David (A Prophet's name) Ebi: Paternal Ebrâhim: Abraham Ehsân: Goodness Emâd: Confidence Esfandyar/Esfandiar: A character in Shahnameh Esmâîl: Ishmael (son of Abraham) Fadi: Redeemer Fadil: Outstanding, Honorable Fadl Al Lâh: The Excellence of God Fadl: Outstanding, Honorable Fahad: Lynx Fakhry: Honorary Farbod: Right, orthodox Fardin: ??? Fardâd: ??? Farhang: Good-breeding Farhâd: A character in Shahnameh Fariborz: A character in Shahnameh Faris: Perspicacity Farjâd: Excellent, eminent in learning Farrokh: Happy, fortunate Farrokhzâd: Happily born Farshâd: Happy Farshîd: ??? Farzâd: Splendid birth Farzâm: Worthy, befitting Farzân: Wise Farzîn: Learned Farâmarz: A character in Shahnameh Farâz: Above, up, upon, on the top Farîd: Unique Fattah: Opener Fatîn: Clever, Smart Fawwâz: Successful Faysal: Decisive Ferdows: Paradise Fereydûn: A character in Shahnameh Fidâ': Redemption, Sacrifice Firouz: Victorious Firâs: Perspiceacity Forûd/Foroud: A character in Shahnameh Forûhar: Essence Fuad: Heart Fâdî: Redeemer Fâkhir: Proud, Excellent Fâkhirî: Honorary Fâris: Horseman, Knight Fârûq: One Who Distinguishes Truth from Falshood Fû'âd: Heart Ghaffar: Forgiver Ghafur: All-Forgiving Ghani: Self-Sufficient Ghasân: Old Arabic name Ghazî: Conqueror Ghiyâth: Succorer Ghobâd: A character in Shahnameh Ghâlib: Victor Giv: A character in Shahnameh Goshtâsb: A character in Shahnameh Goudarz: A character in Shahnameh Habib: Friend Hadi: Guide Hafiz: Preserver Hakam: Judge Hakim: Wise Halim: Forbearing Hamid: Praiseworthy Hamzah: Lion Haqq: Truth Hasan: Beautiful Hasib: Reckoner Hassân: Beautiful Haytham: Young Hawk Hayy: Alive Hedâyat: Guide Heerâd/Hirâd: Appearing fresh and healthy Hesâm: A sharp sword Heydar: Lion Hishâm: Generosity Homâyoon: Royal, fortunate Hormoz: A character in Shahnameh Hossein: Good Houd: A Prophet's name Hudhayfah: (Old Arabic Name) Humâm: Courageous and Generous Husaam Al Din: The sword of the Faith Husaam: Sword Husayn: Beautiful Hussein: Beautiful Husâm al Din: Sword of the Faith Husâm: Sword Huthayfa: Old Arabic name Hâdî: Guiding to the Right Hâfez: Protector Hâmed: A praiser Hâmi: Protector, defender Hâmid: Praising (God), Loving (God) Hâni': Happy, Delighted, Content Hâni: Happy, Delighted, Content Hârith: Plowman, Old Arabic name Hârith: Plowman (Old Arabic Name) Hâroon: A Prophet's name Hârûn: (A Prophet's name) Hâshim: (Name of the Prophet's Grandfather) Hâshim: Generosity Hâtim: Judge Hûd: (A Prophet's Name) Hûman: A character in Shahnameh Hûshang: A character in Shahnameh Hûshmand: Wise Hûshyâr: Wise Hûtan: ??? Ibrâhîm: (A Prophet's Name) Idrîs: (A Prophet's Name) Iesa: A Prophet's name Ihsân: Beneficence Ikrimah: Female of a Pigeon Imaad Al Din: The pillar of the Faith Imaad: Support, Pillar Imrân: (A Prophet's name) Imâd al Din: Pillar of the Faith Imâd: Support, Pillar Imân: Faith Iraj: A character in Shahnameh Irfân: Thankfulness Ishâq: (A Prophet's name, Isaak) Ismâ'îl: (A Prophet's name) Isâ: (A Prophet's name) Isâm: Safeguard Izz al Din: Might of the Faith Ja'far: Rivulet Jabbar: Compeller Jafar: A river Jahândâr: Possessor of the World Jahângir: Conquerer of the World Jahânshah: King/Emperor of the World Jalil: Sublime Jalâl: Glory of the Faith Jame: Gatherer Jamshid : A character in Shahnameh,A king Jamâl al Din: Beauty of the faith Jamâl: Beauty Jamîl: Beautiful Jawâd: Openhanded, Generous, Liberal Jihâd: Struggle, To Strive for Jâbir: Consoler, Comforter Jâbir: Consoler, Comforter Jâvîd: Living forever Kabir: Most Great Kalîl: Friend Kamâl: Perfection, excellence, completion, utmost level Karîm: Generous, Noble Kasrâ: A character in Shahnameh Key-ghobâd: A character in Shahnameh Key-khosrow: A character in Shahnameh Keyvân/Kayvân: World, universe Khabir: Aware Khafid: Abaser Khair: Udeen The good of the Faith Khairy: Charitable, Beneficent Khaldûn: (Old Arabic Name) Khaliq: Creator Khalîl: Friend Khashâyâr: Name of a Persian king Khayr al Din: The Good of the Faith Khayrî: Charitable, Beneficent Khodâ-dâd: God-given Khosrow: A character in Shahnameh Khuzaymah: (Old Arabic Name) Khâlid: Eternal Kiumars/Keyumars: A character in Shahnameh Kiâ: King, protecter, defender Kiân/Kiyân: The kings; Surname of the 2nd dynasty of the Persian kings Kiânûsh: A character in Shahnameh Kiârash: ??? Kouros: ??? Kourosh: First king of Iran Kâmbiz: Fortunate Kâmil: Perfect Kâmrân: Successful, fortunate Kâmshâd: Happy wish/desire Kâmyâr: Successful Kâveh: A character in Shahnameh (a great hero) Kâvûs: A character in Shahnameh Kûhyâr: ??? Kûshâ: Diligent Labîb: Sensible, Intelligent Latif: Subtle Lu'ay: Proper name Luqmân: (A Prophet's Name) Lutfî: Kind and Friendly Lû'ay: (Proper Name) Ma'awiya: A young dog or fox (First Umayyad Khalifah) Ma'd: An old Arabian tribe's name Ma'n: Benefit Maghni: Enricher Mahbod: ??? Mahdy: Guided to the right path Mahmûd/Mahmoud: Praised Mahyâr: A character in Shahnameh Majd Al Din: The glory of the Faith Majd: Glory Majid: Noble, honorable Majidy: Glorious Makîn: Strong, Firm Malik-Ul-Mulk: The Eternal Owner of Sovereignty Malik: Lord Mamdouh: One who is commended, Praised, Glorified Mamnûn: Trustworthy Mansour Aided (by God), Victorious Mani: Preventer Manouchehr: A character in Shahnameh Mansour: Aided (by God), Victorious Mansûr: Defended, protected by God Marwan: Old Arabic name Marzouq: Blessed (by God), Fortunate Masoud: Happy, Lucky Massoud: Fortunate, prosperous, happy Matin: Firm Maysarah: Ease, Comfort Mehdi/Mahdi: Guided Mehrak: A character in Shahnameh Mehrang: ??? Mehrdâd: Gift of the sun Mehrzâd: The offspring of the sun Mehrâb: A character in Shahnameh Mehrân: A character in Shahnameh Milâd: Birth; Christmas Misbâh: Lamp Mohammad: Highly praised; also name of the Prophet of Islam Mohsen: One who does good Mojtabâ/Mujtabâ: Chosen Mortezâ: Chosen Morâd: Desire, wish Mu'akhkhir: Delayer Mu'awiyah: A Young Fox (First Umayyad Kalifah) Mu'ayyad: Supported Muhammad Praised Muhannad Sword Mu'id: Restorer Mu'izz: Honorer Mu'min: Guardian of Faith Mu'tasim: Adhearing (to Faith, to God) Mu'tazz: Proud, Mighty Mu'âdh: Protected Muayid: Supported Mubdi: Originator Mufîd: Useful Muhammad: Worthy of Praise Muhannad: Sword Muhaymin: Protector Muhsi: Reckoner Muhsin: Beneficent, Charitable Muhtadî: Rightly Guided Muhyi: Giver of Life Mujib: Responsive Mujâhid: Fighter (in the Way of Allah) Mukhtâr: Chosen Mumit: Creator of Death Mundhir: Warner, Cautioner Muntaqim: Avenger Muntasir: Victorious Munthir: Warner, Cautioner Munîr: Brilliant, Shining Muqaddim: Expediter Muqit: Maintainer Muqsit: Equitable Muqtadir Powerful Murtadî: Satisfied, Content Mus'ad: Unfettered Camel Musawwir: Fashioner Muslim: Submitting himself to God Mustafâ: Chosen (one of Muhammed's nicknames) Muta'Ali: Most Exalted Mutakabbir: Majestic Mutasim: Adhering (to Faith, to God) Mutazz: Proud, Mighty Mutâ': Obeyed Mutî': Obedient Muwaffaq: Successful Muzill: Dishonorer Mâhir: Skilled Mâkân: ??? Mâni: A painter who later claimed to be a prophet Mâzin: Proper name Mâziâr: ??? Mûsâ: (A Prophet's name: Mose) Na'îm: Comfort, Ease, Tranquil Naa'il: Acquirer, Earner Nabhân: Noble, Outstanding Nabîh: Noble, Outstanding Nabîl: Noble Nadhîr: Warner Nadîm: Friend Nafi: Propitious Najm al Din: Star of the Faith Najîb: Of noble descent Narimân: A character in Shahnameh (ZAl's grandfather) Nasser Al Din: Protector of the Faith Nasîm: Fresh Air Nathîr: Warner Navid: Glad tidings, good news Nawfal: Generous (Old Arabic Name for the Sea) Nazîh: Pure, Chaste Naîm: Comfort, Ease, Tranquil Nimâ: Small Niyûshâ: A listener Noushzâd: Happily born Nu'mân: Blood (Old Arabic Name) Nâ'il: Aquirer, Earner Nâder: Rare Nâdir: Dear, Rare Nâjy: Safe Nâjî: Safe Nâmdâr: Famous Nâmvar: Famous Nâser: Assister, friend Nâsih: Advisor Nâsih: Advisor Nâsir al Din: Protector of the Faith Nâthim: Arranger, Adjuster Nâzim: Arranger, Adjuster Nûh: (A Prophet's Name) Nûr al Din: Brightness of The Faith Nûrî: Shining, Light Omar: Life, long living Omeir: Long living Omid/Omeed: Hope Omran: Solid structure Ossama: One of the names of the lion. Parhâm: Abraham Parviz: A character in Shahnameh Payâm: Message Peymân: Promise Pezhmân/Pejmân: Broken-hearted, sad Pirûz: Victorious; also a character in Shahnameh Pouriyâ: ??? Pouyâ: To search, searcher Puzhmân/Pujmân: Desire, wish Pârsâ: Pure, chaste,devout, holy; Persian Pâshâ: A Turkish name meaning a lord Qabid: Constritor Qadir: Able Qahhar: Subduer Qasim: Divider Qatâdah: A Harwood Tree Qawi: Strong Qays: Firm Qayyum: Self-Subsisting Quddus: Holy Qudâmah: Courage Qutaybah: Irritable, Impatient Qâsim: Divider, Distributer Ra'id: Leader Rabâh: Gainer Rabî': Spring Rafi: Exalter Rafî: Kind, Friend Rafîq: Kind, Friend Ragheb: Desirous Rahim: Merciful Rahman: Beneficent Rajab: The Seventh Month of the Muslim Year Rakhshân: Flashing Rakin: Respectful Raqib: Watchful Rashid: Guide to the Right Path Rashâd: Integrity of Conduct Rashîd: Rightly Guided, True Faith, Brave Rauf: Compassionate Razzaq: Provider Rezâ: Will, consent, resignation Ridha: Contentment Ridhwan: Acceptance, Good will, Name of the keeper of the Gates of Heaven Ridwân: Acceptance, Good Will, Name of the Keeper of the Gates of Heaven Ridâ: Contentment Riyâd: Gardens Rostam: A hero in Shahnameh Râghib: Desirous Râkin: Respectful Râmbod: ??? Râmin: --- Râmiz: Symbol Râmtin: Famous musician in the Sassanid Dynasty Râtib: Arranger Rûzbeh: Fortunate Sa'd: Good Luck Sa'îd: Happy, Rivulet Sabur: Patient Sabîh: Beautiful Sabîr: Patient Sadrâ/Sadri: Chief seat, judge Safiyy: Best Friend Safwân: Rocks (Old Arabic Name) Salam: Peace Salem: Safe Salmân: Name of a friend of Ali Salmân: Safe Salâh al Din: Righteousness of the Faith Salâh: Righteousness Salîm: Safe Samad: Eternal Sami: All-Hearing Samîr: Entertaining Companion (man) Sanjar: Prince, emperor, king Sattâr: Concealer Sayf al Din: Sword of the Faith Sayyid: Master Saîd: Happy, Rivulet, prosperous, lucky Sepehr: Sky Shadî: Singer Shafîq: Compassionate, Tender Shahbâz: Royal falcon Shahid: Witness Shahkâm: The king's wish Shahrdâd: Gift of the city Shahriâr/Shahryâr: The King Shahruz/Shahrûz: A great river Shahrâm: king Ram Shahyâr: Friend of the king Shahâb: Shooting star, meteor Shakur: Appreciative Sharîf: Distinguished, Noble Shervîn: ??? Shihâb: Flame, Blaze Shâdy: Singer Shâheen: Falcon Shâhrokh: Face of the king Shâpour: A character in Shahnameh Shâyâ: Worthy Shâyân: Worthy, deserving, meriting Sinâ: Sinai Sirâj: Lamp, Light Siâmak: Black-haired man Siâvosh/Siavash: A character in Shahnameh Soheil: Star Sohrâb: A character in Shahnameh (Rostam's son) Soroush/Sorûsh: Messenger angel Su'ûd: Good Luck Subhî: Early Morning Suhayb: Of Reddish Complexion or Hair Suhayl: Name of a Star Sulaymân: (A Prophet's name) Suoud: Good luck Sâbir: Patient Sâd: Good luck Sâdegh: Sincere Sâhir: Wakeful Sâhir: Wakeful Sâjid: One who worships God Sâlih: Good, Righteous Sâlim: Safe Sâlâr: Leader Sâm: A character in Shahnameh (Rostam's grandfather) Sâmi: High, Elevated Sâmir: Entertaining Companion Sâmân: Home, welfare Sâriyah: Clouds at Night Sâsân: Founder of the Sasani dynasty Tahmouress: Name of a Persian king Tahmâseb: A character in Shahnameh Talal: Nice, Admirable Talhah: Kind of Tree Talâl: Nice, Admirable Tammân: Generous Tarfah: Kind of Tree Tariq: Name of a star Tarîf: Rare, Uncommon Tawfîq: Success, Reconsiliation Tawwab: Acceptor of Repentance Taymullah: Servant of God Taysîr: Facilitation Teymour: ??? Thaqib: Shooting Star Thâbit: Firm Tirdâd: ??? Tâher: Pure, chaste, clean Tâhir: Chaste, Modest Tâmir: One who knows dates Târiq: Name of a Star Tûraj: A character in Shahnameh Ubaydah: Servant of God Ubayy: (Old Arabic Name) Ubâdah: (Old Arabic Name) Umar: (Name of the Second Khalifa) Umayr: (Old Arabic Name) Umârah: (Old Arabic Name) Uqbah: End of Everything Usâmah: Description of a Lion Utbah: (Old Arabic Name) Vafâ: Loyalty, faithfulness Varshâsb: ??? Vishtâsb: ??? Waa'il: Coming back (for shelter) Wadee': Calm, Peaceful Wadud: Loving Wadî': Calm, Peaceful Wafîq: Successful Wahhab: Bestower Wahîd: Single, Exclusively Unequalled, Unique Wajid: Finder Wajîh: Noble Wakil: Trustee Wali: Protecting Friend Waliy Al Din: Supporter of the Faith Walliyullah: Supporter of God Walîd: Newborn Child Warith: Supreme Inheritor Wasi: All-Embracing Wasîm: Graceful, Good Looking Wâ'il: Comming Back (for Shelter) Wâhid: Single, Exclusively, Unequalled Yaghoub: Jacob Yahyâ: (Name of a Prophet: Johannes) Yamân: (Proper Name) Yasâr: Ease, Wealth Yazîd: To Increase, Grow, Enhance Yâshâr: Persian-Azarbayjani origin meaning lives for ever Yâsir: Wealthy Yâsîn: (One of Muhammed's Names) Yûnus: (A Prophet's Name: Jonas) Yûsuf: (A Prophet's Name: Joseph) Zahir: Manifest Zakariyyâ: (A Prophet's Name) Zakariâ: Zachary Zakiyy: Pure Zand: ??? Zartosht: Zoroaster Zayd: Superabundance Ziyâd: Superabundance Ziâ: Light Zuhayr: Bright Zâfir: Victorious Zâhid: Abstemious, Ascetic Zâhir: Bright, Shining Zâl: A character in Shahnameh (Rostam's father) Zâmyâd: ???